201.2R-01
Guide to Durable Concrete
2001, 41 pp.
$83.50

This guide describes specific types of concrete deterioration. Each chapter contains a discussion of the mechanisms involved and the recommended requirements for individual components of concrete, quality considerations for concrete mixtures, construction procedures, and influences of the exposure environment, all important considerations to ensure concrete durability.Some guidance as to repair techniques is also provided.

This document contains substantial revisions to Section 2.2 (chemical sulfate attack) and also includes a new section on physical salt attack (Section 2.3). The remainder of this document is essentially identical to the previous “Guide to Durable Concrete.” However, all remaining sections of this document are in the process of being revised and updated, and these revisions will be incorporated into the next published version of this guide.

Both terms water-cement ratio and water-cementitious materials ratio are used in this document. Water-cement ratio is used (rather than the newer term, water-cementitious materials ratio) when the recommendations are based on data referring to water-cement ratio. If cementitious materials other than portland cement have been included in the concrete, judgment regarding required water-cement ratios have been based on the use of that ratio. This does not imply that new data demonstrating concrete performance developed using portland cement and other cementitious materials should not be referred to in terms of water-cementitious materials.Such information, if available, will be included in future revisions.

Contents:
Chapter 1—Freezing and thawing, p. 201.2R-3

1.1—General

1.2—Mechanisms of frost action

1.3—Ice-removal agents

1.4—Recommendations for durable structures

Chapter 2—Aggressive chemical exposure,

201.2R-7

2.1—General

2.2—Chemical sulfate attack by sulfate from sources

external to the concrete

2.3—Physical salt attack

2.4—Seawater exposure

2.5—Acid attack

2.6—Carbonation

Chapter 3—Abrasion, p. 201.2R-13

3.1—Introduction

3.2—Testing concrete for resistance to abrasion

3.3—Factors affecting abrasion resistance of concrete

3.4—Recommendations for obtaining abrasion-resistant

concrete surfaces

3.5—Improving wear resistance of existing floors

3.6—Studded tire and tire chain wear on concrete

3.7—Skid resistance of pavements

Chapter 4—Corrosion of metals and other

materials embedded in concrete, p. 201.2R-16

4.1—Introduction

4.2—Principles of corrosion

4.3—Effects of concrete-making components

4.4—Concrete quality and cover over steel

4.5—Positive protective systems

4.6—Corrosion of materials other than steel

4.7—Summary comments

Chapter 5—Chemical reactions of aggregates,

p. 201.2R-21

5.1—Types of reactions

5.2—Alkali-silica reaction

5.3—Alkali-carbonate reaction

5.4—Preservation of concrete containing reactive aggregate

5.5—Recommendations for future studies

Chapter 6—Repair of concrete, p. 201.2R-26

6.1—Evaluation of damage and selection of repair method

6.2—Types of repairs

6.3—Preparations for repair

6.4—Bonding agents

6.5—Appearance

6.6—Curing

6.7—Treatment of cracks

Chapter 7—Use of protective-barrier systems to

enhance concrete durability, p. 201.2R-28

7.1—Characteristics of a protective-barrier system

7.2—Elements of a protective-barrier system

7.3—Guide for selection of protective-barrier systems

7.4—Moisture in concrete and effect on barrier adhesion

7.5—Influence of ambient conditions on adhesion

7.6—Encapsulation of concrete

Chapter 8—References, 201.2R-30

8.1—Referenced standards and reports

8.2—Cited references

8.3—Other references

Appendix A —