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210R-93
This report outlines the causes, control, maintenance, and repair of erosion in hydraulic structures. Such erosion occurs from three major causes: caviration, abrasion, and chemical attack. Design parameters, materials selection and quality,environmental factors, and other issues affecting the performance of concrete are discussed. Evidence exists to suggest that given the operating characteristics and conditions to which a hydraulic structure will be subjected, it can be designed to mitigate future erosion of the concrete. However, operational factors change or are not clearly known and hence erosion of concrete surfaces occurs and repairs must follow. This report briefly treats the subject of concrete erosion and repair and provides numerous references to detailed treatment of the subject. Contents:
Chapter 1--Introduction
2.1--Mechanism of cavitation 2.2--Cavitation index 2.3--Cavitation damage
3.1--General 3.2--Stilling basin damage 3.3--Navigation lock damage 3.4--Tunnel lining damage
4.1--Sources of chemical attack 4.2--Erosion by mineral-free water 4.3--Erosion by miscellaneous causes
Chapter 5--Control of cavitation erosion 5.1--Hydraulic design principles 5.2--Cavitation indexes for damage and construction tolerances 5.3--Using aeration to control damage 5.4--Fatigue caused by vibration 5.5--Materials 5.6--Materials testing 5.7--Construction practices
6.1--Hydraulic considerations 6.2--Material evaluation 6.3--Materials
7.1--General 7.2--Control of erosion by mineral-free water 7.3--Control of erosion from bacterial action 7.4--Control of erosion by miscellaneous chemical causes PART 3--MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF EROSION Chapter 8--Periodic inspections and corrective action 8.1--General 8.2--Inspection program 8.3--Inspection procedures 8.4--Reporting and evaluation
9.1--Design considerations 9.2--Methods and materials
10.1--Specified and/or recommended references 10.2--Citied references Appendix--Notation |
ACI
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