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212.4R-04
High-range water-reducing admixtures can increase the strength of concrete and provide greatly increased workability without adding more water. Consequently, the use of high-range water-reducing admixtures is increasing substantially in the concrete industry. This guide contains information on the effects of these admixtures on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, the uses of concrete, and the quality control of the concrete. This guide is designed for concrete suppliers, contractors, designers, specifiers, and all others engaged in concrete construction. Contents: Chapter 1—General information 1.1—Introduction 1.2—Specifications Chapter 2—Effects of high-range water-reducing admixture 2.1—General effects 2.2—Mechanisms 2.3—Fresh concrete properties 2.4—Hardened concrete properties 2.5—Increase in the efficiency of construction 2.6—Enhanced design and engineering of concrete structures Chapter 3—Effects on freshly mixed concrete 3.1—General 3.2—Water reduction 3.3—Slump 3.4—Time of setting 3.5—Air entrainment 3.6—Segregation 3.7—Bleeding 3.8 — Pumpability Chapter 4—Effects on hardened concrete 4.1—Compressive strength 4.2—Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity 4.3—Bond to reinforcement 4.4—Temperature rise 4.5—Drying shrinkage and creep 4.6—Freezing-and-thawing resistance 4.7—Durability Chapter 5—Typical applications of high-range water-reducing admixtures 5.1—General 5.2—High-strength concrete 5.3—Precast/prestressed concrete 5.4—Architectural concrete 5.5—Parking and bridge structures 5.6—Rapid-cycle high-rise projects 5.7—Industrial slabs 5.8—Massive concrete Chapter 6—Quality control 6.1—Introduction 6.2—Water-cementitious material ratio and slump control 6.3—Redosing to recover lost slump 6.4—Placement of flowing concrete 6.5—Temperature considerations Chapter 7—References 7.1—Referenced standards and reports 7.2—Cited references |
ACI
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