309.2R-98
Identification and Control of Visible Effects of Consolidation on Formed Concrete Surfaces (Reapproved 2005)
1998, 11 pp.
$33.50

This report provides guidelines for identifying and controlling visible effects of consolidation on precast or cast-in-place formed concrete surfaces. It includes a summary of direct and indirect causes of such imperfections. An outline to assist in the reporting on surfaces and photographs to illustrate typical concrete blemishes are also included.

Contents:

Chapter 1--General

Chapter 2--Factors causing effects

2.1--Design of structural members

2.2--Specifications

2.3--Forms

2.4--Properties of fresh concrete

2.5--Placement

2.6--Consolidation

2.7--Special construction conditions

Chapter 3--Surface defects

3.1--Honeycomb

3.2--Air surface voids

3.3--Form-streaking

3.4--Aggregate transparency

3.5--Subsidence cracking

3.6--Color variation

3.7--Sand streaking

3.8--Layer lines

3.9--Form offsets

3.10--Cold joints

Chapter 4--Minimizing surface defects

Chapter 5--Consolidation of preplaced aggregate concrete

Chapter 6--Conclusion

Chapter 7--References

7.1--Recommended references

7.2--Cited references

Chapter 8--Surface condition outline