309R-05
Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
2005, 35pp.
$69.50

Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air from freshly placed concrete. Several methods and techniques are available, the choice depending on the workability of the mixture, placing conditions, and degree of air removal desired. Some form of vibration is usually employed.

This guide includes information on the mechanism of consolidation and gives recommendations on equipment, characteristics, and procedures for various classes of construction.

Contents:

CONTENTS

Chapter 1—General, p. 309R-2

Chapter 2—Effect of mixture proportions on consolidation, p. 309R-3

2.1—Mixture proportions

2.2—Workability and consistency

2.3—Workability requirements

Chapter 3—Methods of consolidation, p. 309R-4

3.1—Manual methods

3.2—Mechanical methods

3.3—Methods used in combination

Chapter 4—Consolidation of concrete by vibration,

p. 309R-5

4.1—Vibratory motion

4.2—Process of consolidation

Chapter 5—Equipment for vibration, p. 309R-6

5.1—Internal vibrators

5.2—Form vibrators

5.3—Vibrating tables

5.4—Surface vibrators

5.5—Vibrator maintenance

Chapter 6—Forms, p. 309R-13

6.1—General

6.2—Sloping surfaces

6.3—Surface blemishes

6.4—Form tightness

6.5—Forms for external vibration

Chapter 7—Recommended vibration practices for general construction,

p. 309R-15

7.1—General

7.2—Procedure for internal vibration

7.3—Adequacy of internal vibration

7.4—Vibration of reinforcement

7.5—Revibration

7.6—Form vibration

7.7—Consequences of improper vibration

Chapter 8—Structural concrete, p. 309R-19

8.1—Design and detailing prerequisites

8.2—Mixture requirements

8.3—Internal vibration

8.4—Form vibration

8.5—Tunnel linings

Chapter 9—Mass concrete, p. 309R-20

9.1—Mixture requirements

9.2—Vibration equipment

9.3—Forms

9.4—Vibration practices

9.5—Roller-compacted concrete

Chapter 10—Normal-density concrete floor slabs,

p. 309R-22

10.1—Mixture requirements

10.2—Equipment

10.3—Structural slabs

10.4—Slabs on ground

10.5—Heavy-duty industrial floors

10.6—Vacuum dewatering

Chapter 11—Pavements, p. 309R-24

11.1—General

11.2—Mixture requirements

11.3—Equipment

11.4—Vibration procedures

11.5—Special precautions

Chapter 12—Precast products, p. 309R-27

12.1—General

12.2—Mixture requirements

12.3—Forming material

12.4—Choice of consolidation method

12.5—Placing methods

Chapter 13—Structural low-density concrete,

p. 309R-28

13.1—General

13.2—Mixture requirements

13.3—Behavior of structural low-density concrete during vibration

13.4—Consolidation equipment and procedures

13.5—Floors

Chapter 14—High-density concrete, p. 309R-29

14.1—General

14.2—Mixture requirements

14.3—Placing techniques

Chapter 15—Self-consolidating concrete,

p. 309R-29

15.1—General

Chapter 16—Quality control and quality assurance, p. 309R-29

16.1—General

16.2—Adequacy equipment and procedures

16.3—Checking equipment performance

Chapter 17—Consolidation of test specimens,

p. 309R-31

17.1—Strength

17.2—Density

17.3—Air content

17.4—Consolidating very stiff concrete in laboratory specimens

Chapter 18—Consolidation in congested areas,

p. 309R-32

18.1—Common placing problems

18.2—Consolidation techniques

Chapter 19—References, p. 309R-33

19.1—Referenced standards and reports

19.2—Cited references

Appendix—Fundamentals of vibration, p. 309R-35

A.1—Principles of simple harmonic motion

A.2—Action of a rotary vibrator

A.3—Vibratory motion in the concrete