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343R-95
These recommendations, reported by the joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343 on Concrete Bridge Design, provide currently acceptable guidelinesfor the analysis and design of reinforced, prestressed, and partially prestressed concrete bridges based on the state of the art at the rime of writing the report. The provisions recommended herein apply to pedest rian bridges, highway bridges, railroad bridges, airport taxiway bridges, and other special bridge structures. Recommendations for Transit Guideways are given in ACI 358R. The subjects covered in these recommendations are: common terms; general considerations; materials; construction: loads and load combinations; preliminary design: ultimate load analysis and strength design; service load analysis and design: prestressed concrete; superstructure systems and elements; substructure systems and elements; precast concrete: and details of reinforcement. The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate AASHTO and ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. Contents:
1.1 -- Introduction 1.2 -- Definitions 1.3 -- Notation 1.4 -- Referenced Organizations
2.1 -- Introduction 2.2 -- Functional Considerations 2.3 -- Esthetic Considerations 2.4 -- Economic Considerations 2.5 -- Bridge Types 2.6 -- Construction and Erection Considerations 2.7 -- Legal Considerations
3.1 -- Introduction 3.2 -- Materials 3.3 -- Properties 3.4 -- Standard Specifications and Practices
4.1 -- Introduction 4.2 -- Restrictions 4.3 -- Goals 4.4 -- Planning 4.5 -- Site Characteristics 4.6 -- Environmental restrictions 4.7 -- Maintenance of Traffic 4.8 -- Project Needs 4.9 -- Design of Details 4.10 -- Selection of Structure Type 4.11 -- Construction Problems 4.12 -- Alternate designs 4.13 -- Conclusions
5.1 -- Introduction 5.2 -- Dead Loads 5.3 -- Construction, Handling and Erection Loads 5.4 -- Deformation Effects 5.5 -- Environmental Loads 5.6 -- Pedestrian Bridge Live Loads 5.7 -- Highway Bridge Live Loads 5.8 -- Railroad Bridge Live Loads 5.9 -- Rail Transit Bridge Live Loads 5.10 -- Airport Runway Bridge Loads 5.11 -- Pipeline and Conveyor Bridge Loads 5.12 -- Load Combinations
6.1 -- Introduction 6.2 -- Factors to be Considered 6.3 -- High priority items 6.4 -- Structure Types 6.5 -- Superstructure initial section proportioning 6.6 -- Abutments 6.7 -- Piers and bents 6.8 -- Appurtenances and details 6.9 -- Finishes
7.1 -- Introduction 7.2 -- Considerations for Analysis, Design, and Review 7.3 -- Strength Requirements
8.1 -- Basic Assumptions 8.2 -- Serviceability Requirements 8.3 -- Fatigue of Materials 8.4 -- Distribution of Reinforcement in Flexural Members 8.5 -- Control of Deflections 8.6 -- Permissible Stresses for Prestressed Flexural Members 8.7 -- Service Load Design 8.8 -- Thermal Effects
9.1 -- Introduction 9.2 -- General Design Considerations 9.3 -- Basic Assumptions 9.4 -- Flexure, Shear 9.5 -- Permissinble Stresses 9.6 -- Prestress Loss 9.7 -- Combined Tension and Bending 9.8 -- Combined Compression and Bending 9.9 -- Combination of Prestressed and Non-Prestressed Reinforcement -- Partial Prestressing 9.10 -- Composite Structures 9.11 -- Crack Control 9.12 -- Reptitive Loads 9.13 -- End Regions and Laminar Cracking 9.14 -- Continuity 9.15 -- Torsion 9.16 -- Cover and Spacing of Prestressing Steel 9.17 -- Unbonded Tendons 9.18 -- Embedment of Pretensioning strands 9.19 -- Concrete 9.20 -- Joints and Bearings for Precast Members 9.21 -- Curved box girders
10.1 -- Introduction 10.2 -- Superstructure Structural Types 10.3 -- Methods of Superstrcture Analysis 10.4 -- Design of Deck Slabs 10.5 -- Distribution of Loads to Beams 10.6 -- Skew Bridges
11.1 -- Introduction 11.2 -- Bearings 11.3 -- Foundations 11.4 -- Hydraulic Requirements 11.5 -- Abutments 11.6 -- Piers 11.7 -- Pier Protection
12.1 -- Introduction 12.2 -- Precast concrete superstructure elements 12.3 -- Segmental construction 12.4 -- Precast concrete substructures 12.5 -- Design 12.6 -- Construction
13.1 -- General 13.2 -- Development and Splices of Reinforcement 13.3 -- Lateral Reinforcement for Compression Members 13.4 -- Lateral Reinforcement for Flexural Members 13.5 -- Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement 13.6 -- Standard Hooks and Minimum Bend Diameters 13.7 -- Spacing of Reinforcement 13.8 -- Concrete Protection for Reinforcement 13.9 -- Fabrication 13.10 -- Surface Conditions of Reinforcement 13.11 -- Placing Reinforcement 13.12 -- Special Details for Columns |
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