546.2R-98
Guide to Underwater Repair of Concrete
1998, 24 pp.
$40.50

This document provides guidance on the selection and application of materials and methods for the repair and strengthening of concrete structures underwater. An overview of materials and methods for underwater repair is presented as a guide for making a selection for a particular application.

References are provided for obtaining additional information on selected materials and construction methods.

Contents:
Chapter 1 - General

1.1 Introduction & general considerations

1.2 Scope

1.3 Diving technology

Chapter 2 - Causesof Deterioration

2.1 Marine organisms

2.2 Deficient construction practices

2.3 Chemical attack

2.4 Corrosion

2.5 Mechanical damage

2.6 Freezing & thawing damage

2.7 Salt scaling

2.8 Damage not included in this guide

Chapter 3 - Evaluations & Investigations

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Visual inspection

3.3 Tactile inspection

3.4 Underwater nondestructive testing of concrete

3.5 Sampling & destructive testing

Chapter 4 - Preparation for Repair

4.1 Concrete removal

4.2 Surface preparation

4.3 Reinforcement rehabilitation

4.4 Chemical anchors / dowels

Chapter 5 - Formwork

5.1 Rigid & semi-rigid forms

5.2 Flexible forms

Chapter 6 - Methods & Materials

6.1 General considerations

6.2 Preplaced aggregate concrete

6.3 Tremie concrete

6.4 Pumped concrete & grout

6.5 Free dump through water

6.6 Epoxy grouting

6.7 Epoxy injection

6.8 Hand placement

6.9 Other underwater applications using concrete containing anti-washout admixtures

Chapter 7 - Inspection of Repairs

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Procedure

7.3 Documentation

Chapter 8 - Developing Technologies

8.1 Precast concrete elements & prefabrication steel elements

Chapter 9 - References

9.1 Recommended references

9.2 Cited references