E1-99
Aggregates for Concrete
1999, 26 pp.
$40.50

Hydraulic cement concrete is a cement and water paste in which aggregate particles are embedded. Aggregate is granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed ston, and blast-furnace slag that usually occupies approximately 60 to 75% of the volume of concrete. Besides reducing volume changes due to shrinkage of the cement-water paste, aggregate is an inexpensive filler that reduces the cost of concrete. Aggregate properties significantly affect the workability of plastic concrete and the durability, strength, thermal properties, and density of hardened concrete This bulletin describes the types of aggregate normally used in concrete, aggregate properties affecting performance of the concrete, tests used to measure aggregate properties, and methods used to obtain test samples. Normal weight as well as lightweight aggregates are discussed.

Contents:
Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Classification of Aggregates

Chapter 3 - Aggregate Properties & Test Methods

3.1 Grading

3.1.1 Definition & Test Method

3.1.2 Fitness Modulus

3.1.3 Maximum Size & Nominal Maximum Size

3.1.4 Significance of Aggregate Grading

3.1.5 Permissible Variations in Grading

3.2 Specific Gravity

3.2.1 Definition

3.2.2 Specific Gravity Test Methods

3.2.3 Significance of Specific Gravity

3.2.4 Absolute Volume Calculations

3.3 Absorption & Surface Moisture

3.3.1 Mixing Water & Water-Cementitious Material Ratio

3.3.2 Absorption & Total Moisture Content

3.3.3 Surface Moisture Content

3.3.4 Computing Mixing Water & Water-Cementious Material Ratio

3.3.5 Adjusting Batch Masses for Surface Moisture

3.3.6 Alternate Definition of Surface Moisture

3.4 Bulk Density (replaces deprecated term "unit weight")

3.4.1 Definition & Test Method

3.4.2 Factors Affecting Bulk Density

3.5 Particle Shape & Surface Texture

3.5.1 Definition

3.5.2 Test Methods

3.5.3 Significance of Particle Shape & Surface Texture

3.6 Abrasion & Impact Resistance

3.6.1 Definition & Significance

3.6.2 Test Method

3.7 Soundness

3.7.1 Definition & Mechanism of Deterioration

3.7.2 Test Methods

3.7.3 Popouts

3.8 Chemical Stability

3.8.1 Definition & Reaction Mechanisms

3.8.2 Test Methods

3.8.3 Corrective Measures

3.9 Harmful Substances

3.9.1 Types of Harmful Substances

3.9.2 Effects of Harmful Substanes

3.9.3 Test Methods

Chapter 4 - Sampling Aggregates

4.1 Variability in Aggregates

4.2 Sampling

4.2.1 Definition

4.2.2 Significance of Variability

4.2.3 Sampling Plans

4.2.4 Sampling Methods

4.2.5 Number & Size of Field Samples

4.2.6 Sample Containers

Chapter 5 - Blast-Furnace Slag & Lightweight Aggregates

5.1 Blast-Furnace Slag

5.1.1 Definition

5.1.2 Properties

5.1.3 Availability