MFC-1M-2003
Glossary of Terms Used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes
$65.00

This Standard consists of a collection of definitions of those terms that pertain to the measurement of fluid flow in pipes. Only those terms of general usage have been included. Terms having unique meaning when applied to specific meters should be included in a glossary within the specific flowmeter standard.

ISBN #: 0791828646
Published: 2003
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 40

MFC-2M-1983(R2006)
Measurement Uncertainty for Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits
$55.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard presents a working outline detailing and illustrating the techniques for estimating measurement uncertainty for fluid flow in closed conduits. The statistical techniques and analytical concepts applied herein are applicable in most measurement processes. Section 2 provides examples of the mathematical model applied to the measurement of fluid flow. Each example inches a discussion of the elemental errors and examples of the statistical techniques. An effort has been made to use simple prose with a minimum of jargon.

Published: 1983
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 71

MFC-3M-2004
Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi
$95.00

This Standard specifies the geometry and method of use (installation and flowing conditions) for pressure differential divices (including, but not limited to, orifice plates, nozzles, and venturi tubes) when installed in a closed conduit running full and use to determine the flow-rate of the fluid flowing in the conduit. This Standard applies to pressure differential devices in which flow remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where the fluid is considered as single-phase. The Standard is limited to single-phase Newtonian fluid flow in which the flow can be considered sufficiently free from pulsation effects. It gives information for calculating flow-rate and it’s the associated uncertainty when each of these devices is used within specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds number.

This Standard covers flow meters that operate on the principle of a local change in flow velocity and/or flow parameters caused by meter geometry, resulting in a corresponding change or pressure between two set locations. Although there are several types of differential pressure meters available, it is the purpose of this Standard to address the applications of each meter and not to endorse any specific meter. The operating principle of a pressure differential flow meter is based on two physical laws: conservation of energy and conservation of mass, realized when changes in flow cross-sectional area and/or flow path result in a change or pressure. This differential pressure, in turn, is a function of the flow velocity, fluid path, and fluid properties. Included within the scope of this Standard are devices for which direct calibration experiments have been made, sufficient in number and data coverage, to enable valid systems of application to be based on their results and coefficients to be given with known uncertainties The devices installed in the pipe are referred to as primary devices, primary elements, or simply, primaries. The primary device may also include the associated upstream and downstream piping. The other instruments required for the flow measurement are often referred to as secondary devices or secondaries.

ISBN #: 0791829286
Published: 2004
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 92

MFC-4M-1986(R2003)
Measurement of Gas Flow by Turbine Meters
$39.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2003

(a) This Standard applies to: (1) axial full-flow turbine meters with mechanical and/or electrical outputs whose rotating member is driven by a compressible fluid; (2) the measurement of gas by a turbine meter; the meter's construction, installation, operation, performance characteristics, data computation and presentation, calibration, field checking, and other related considerations of the meter. (b) This Standard does not apply to: (1) accessory equipment used to measure pressure and temperature, and/or density for the accurate determination of mass or base volumes, or those accessories used to automatically compute mass or base volumes; (2) steam metering or two-phase flow measurement; (3) applications involving pulsating flow or fluctuating flows where adverse effects on meter accuracy can be anticipated.

Published: 1986
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 18

MFC-6M-1998(R2005)
Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes using Vortex Flow Meters
$42.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2005

This Standard: (a) describes vortex shedding flowmeters in which alternating vortices are shed from one or more bluff bodies installed in a closed circular conduit; (b) describes how the frequency of the vortex pairs is a measure of the fluid velocity; how volume, mass, and standard volume flowrate is determined; and how the total fluid that has flowed through the meter in a specified time interval can be measured; (c) applies only to fluid flow that is steady or varies only slowly with time, is considered single phased, and when the closed conduit is full; (d) provides only generic information on vortex shedding flowmeters, including a glossary and a set of engineering equations useful in specifying performance; (e) describes the physical components of vortex shedding flowmeters and identifies the need for inspection, certification, and material traceability; (f) addresses phenomena that may negatively affect vortex detection, as well as shift the K factor, and describes guidelines for reducing or eliminating their influences; and (g) provides calibration guidance.

ISBN #: 0791825248
Published: 1998
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 24

MFC-7M-1987(R2006)
Measurement of Gas Flow by Means of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles
$42.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard applies only to the steady flow of single-phase gases and deals with devices for which direct calibration experiments have been made, sufficient in number and quantity to enable inherent systems of applications to be based on their results and coefficients to be given with certain predictable limits of uncertainty. The critical flow venturi nozzles dealt with can only be used within limits that are specified, for example nozzle throat to inlet diameter ratio and Reynolds number. This Standard specifies the geometry and method of use (installation and operating conditions) of critical flow venturi nozzles inserted in a system to determine the mass flow rate of the gas flow rate of the gas flowing through the system. It also gives necessary information for calculating the flow rate and its associated uncertainty. This Standard applies only to venturi nozzles in which the flow is critical. Critical flow exists when the mass flow rate through the venturi nozzle is the maximum possible for the existing upstream conditions. At critical flow or choked conditions, the average gas velocity at the nozzle throat closely approximates the local sonic velocity. Information is given in this Standard for cases in which: (a) the pipeline upstream of the venturi nozzle is of circular cross section; or (b) it can be assumed that there is a large space upstream of the venturi nozzle. The venturi nozzles specified in this Standard are called primary devices. Other instruments for the measurement are known as secondary devices. This Standard covers primary devices; secondary devices will be mentioned only occasionally.

Published: 1987
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 32

MFC-8M-2001(R2006)
Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits: Connections for Pressure Signal Transmissions Between Primary & Secondary Devices
$45.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard describes the practices and means which allow the pressures at a head type primary device to be conveyed to the secondary device in a flow measurement system without introducing unnecessary measurement uncertainties.

ISBN #: 0791826775
Published: 2001
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 24

MFC-9M-1988(R2006)
Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits by Weighing Method
$39.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard specifies a method of liquid flow rate measurement in closed conduits by measuring the mass of liquid delivered into a weighing tank in a known time interval. It deals in particular with the measuring apparatus, procedure, and method for calculating the flow rate and the uncertainties associated with the measurement. The method described may be applied to any liquid, provided that its vapor pressure is such that any escape of liquid from the weighing tank by vaporization is not sufficient to effect the required measurement accuracy. Closed weighing tanks and their application to the flow measurement of liquids of high vapor pressure are not considered in this Standard. This Standard considers only the measurement techniques and does not address any possible hazards involved in handling the liquid involved. Theoretically, there is no limit to the application of this method, which is used generally in fixed laboratory installations only. However, for economic reasons, typical hydraulic laboratories using this method can produce accurate flow rates of 500 kg/s (3300 lbm/sec) or less. Owing to its high potential accuracy, this method is often used as a primary method for calibration of other methods or devices for mass flow rate measurement or volumetric flow rate measurement, provided that the density of the liquid is known accurately. It must be ensured that the pipeline is running full with no air or vapor pockets present in the measuring section.

Published: 1988
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 17

MFC-10M-2000(R2006)
Method for Establishing Installation Effects on Flow Meters
$39.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard establishes methods for determining the influence of installation conditions or flow patterns on the performance of flowmeters in closed conduits (i.e., pipe, ducts, etc). This Standard also addresses (a) means and terminology for defining a reference condition for flow calibration of a particular flowmeter; and (b) guidelines for extrapolation and interpolation of installation effects to untested piping conditions. This Standard does not supersede or otherwise replace qualification tests or installation tests that are specified by other standards.

ISBN #: 0791826627
Published: 2000
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 16

MFC-11M-2006
Measurement of Fluid Flow by Means of Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
$48.00

This Standard gives guidelines for the selection, installation, calibration, and operation of Coriolis flow meters for the determination of mass flow, density, volume flow, and other related parameters of flowing fluids. Coriolis flowmeters cover a family of devices with varying designs that depend on the Coriolis force generated by the fluid (liquid or gas) flowing through oscillating tube(s). The primary purpose of Coriolis flowmeters is to measure mass flow. However, some of these flowmeters also measure liquid density and temperature of the oscillating tube wall. From the measurements, the mass flow of liquid or gas, liquid density, liquid volume flow and other related quantities can be determined.

ISBN #: 079183025X
Published: 2006
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 36

MFC-12M-2006
Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Multiport Averaging Pitot Primary Elements
$42.00

This Standard, provides information on the use of multiport averaging Pitot head-type devices used to measure liquids and gases. The Standard applies when the conduits are full and the flow (a) has a fully developed profile; (b) remains subsonic throughout the measurement section; (c) is steady or varies only slowly with time; (d) is considered single-phase. A differential pressure transmitter or other pressure measuring device, known as a secondary element, must be used with a multiport averaging Pitot primary element to produce a flow rate measurement. Although multiport averaging Pitot primary elements are sometimes used in noncircular conduits, such applications are beyond the scope of this Standard.

ISBN #: 0791830128
Published: 2006
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 20

MFC-13M-2006
Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits: Tracer Methods
$45.00

This Standard defines the use of tracer (dilution) methods in the measurement of single-phase fluid (gas or liquid) flows in closed conduits. This method of measurement is applicable only to single-phase homogeneous fluid mixtures. This Standard was developed to fill the need for a generalized reference based on fundamental principles to measure fluid flow using tracer methods. ISO standards issued in 1977 addressed tracer methods for gas flows; these were withdrawn in 2001, leaving a void on this subject. An internet search on this subject will find a large number of documents, standards, references, consultants, and manufacturers. Most of the papers, standards, and products are for very specific applications and provide detailed guidance only for those needs. This Standard defines the terms and principles needed for intelligent consideration of tracer methods for any application.

ISBN #: 0791830365
Published: 2006
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 20

MFC-14M-2003
Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small Bore Precision Orifice Meters
$46.00

This Standard specifies the geometric and method of use (installation and flowing conditions) for orifice meters of 6 mm to 40 mm (1/4 in. to 1 ½ in.) line size when they are inserted in a conduit running full. It also gives necessary information for calculating flow rate and its associated uncertainty.

It applies only to differential pressure devices in which the flow remains subsonic throughout the measuring section, flow is steady or varies only slowly with time, and the fluid is considered single-phase. In addition, the uncertainties are given in the appropriate sections of this Standard for each of these devices within the pipe size and Reynolds number limits, which are specified.

This Standard covers devices for which sufficient calibrations have been made to enable the specification of coherent systems of application and to enable calculations to be made within certain predictable limits of uncetainty.
The devices introduced into the pipe are called primary devices. The term primary device also includes the pressure taps and the associated upstream and downstream piping. All other instruments or devices required for the measurement or transmission of the differential pressures are known as secondary elements, and in combination are referred to as the secondary devices. This Standard covers primary devices; the secondary devices will be mentioned only occasionally, as and when necessary for the proper operation of the primary device.

The different primary devices covered in this Standard are (a) orifice plates used with corner pressure taps, (b) orifice plates used with flange pressure taps, (c) specially designed orifice meters with integral fittings.

ISBN #: 0791828344
Published: 2003
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 24

MFC-16-2007
Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits with Electromagnetic Flowmeters
$45.00

This Standard applies to AC and pulsed-DC type industrial electromagnetic flowmeters with either wetted or non-wetted electrodes, and to the applications of these flowmeters to the measurement of the volumetric flowrate of electrically conducting and electrically homogeneous liquids or slurries flowing in a completely filled closed conduit. It specifically does not apply to insertion or medical type electromagnetic flow meters. It also does not cover applications of industrial flowmeters involving nonconductive liquids or highly conductive liquids (i.e., liquid metals). This document contains a discussion of the theory and measurement technique of electromagnetic flowmeter, a physical description of the various types available, application considerations, specifications as to what equipment markings should reside on the meter, and liquid calibration procedures.

ISBN #: 0791830918
Published: 2007
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 24

MFC-18M-2001(R2006)
Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Variable Area Meters
$39.00

Reaffirmed Date: 2006

This Standard describes the common variable area flowmeter. This Standard does not attempt to standardize dimensions because the commercial products differ too widely. The variable area meter is manufactured in a variety of designs. This Standard addresses only those meters based on a vertical tapered tube of round or a modified round cross section. Specifically not addressed are the various vane type meters, eters with horizontal flow, or meters which use a spring deflection to oppose flow forces.

ISBN #: 0791827194
Published: 2001
Product Type: Print-Book
No. of pages: 16